Pattern of injection addiction at Hyderabad: a clinical preliminary study on injection addiction [substance abuse] at Hyderabad, Pakistan

The aim of this clinical research was to assess the pattern of injection addiction [substance abuse] in a group of hospital attenders, 'which is a common addiction among medical and it's a related profession. Clinical cross-sectional study. Psychiatric out patients clinics of Liaquat University Hospital and Sir Cowasjee Jehanghir, Institute of Psychiatry, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan from 1[st], January 2009 to 30[th], June, 2009. 59patients [47 male and 12 female cases] were diagnosed on DSM-IV[1] diagnostic Criteria for substance abuse to establish diagnosis and the socio-derno graphic data was collected on semi structure proforma of the study. The male cases dominated the study [79.66%] as compared to female cases [20.33%] which is significant [p-value < 0.02] while 34 cases [57.62%] were from the medical and its related professions like medical representatives, medical store owners and hospital staff and result is significant [P- 0.005 +/- SD]. 11 cases [18.64%] were the results of surgical intervention for acute pains and other surgical reasons, leading to injection addiction and is significantly positive [P-value < 0.02], while 05 patients [8.47%] were chronic drug addicts used the injections for escalation purpose. This study reflects the existence of injection addiction among medical professionals but seems to be less frequent in the community. This is alarming situation in the community for psychosocial attitudinal considerationwhile selecting the profession high as in surgical in-patients. [32.3% and about three and half times as compared to gynecological patients [18.4%]

Unhealthy attitudes and health problem in Paksitani society

This paper attempts to analyze the attitudes and behavior of the community in Pakistan, distinguished into urban and rural setup. With the advancement in technology and betterment in socioeconomic status, the community has changed the approaches to the health which is said to be the [absolute state of wellbeing]. These changes have produced discontrol of emotions, over weight, isolations, intolerance, leading to depression. The message of this paper is for the health planners, thinkers and policy makers to reassess the pulse of the Pakistani community

Eradication of H. Pylori by quadruple or triple therapy.a comparative study

Quadruple therapy appears to be more effective than standard therapy in management of patients with helicobacter pylori infection. No data is available on the relative efficacy of triple and quadruple drug regimens from Pakistan. Consecutive patients with peptic ulcer and H. pylori infection were randomized to receive omeprazole 20 mg twice daily along with either amoxycilline [500 mg four times daily] and clarithromycin [500 mg twice daily] [Group A] or tri-protassium dicitrate hismuthate [120 mg four times daily], metronidazole [400 mg thrice daily] and tetracycline [500 mg 4 times daily] [Group B] for 10 days. Presence H. Pylori infection was looked for using an fecal antigen test before treatment and 30 days after completion of treatment. 17 of 21 patients in Group A and 16 of 23 in Group B had eradication of infection [80.9 and 69.56% respectively by protocol analysis]. Side effects occurred in 2 [1%] and 4[2%] patients in Group A and B, respectively. Discontinuation of drug was not required in any patient. Quadruple therapy for initial therapy of H. Pylori infection does not offer any advantage over standard triple therapy

Siriraj score as a tool for clinical diagnosis of stroke

Siriraj stroke score is a diagnostic tool to differentiated ischemic from haemorrhagic shock. This study was carried out to access SSS accuracy as compared to CT scan. This study was carried out in the Department of Medicine and Neurology of Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Thirty two patients were included in the study who had stroke SSS was applied as well as CT scan was done. Out of them 6% were misdiagnosed. Overall predictive accuracy was 87.5%. Siriraj stroke score is not 100% accurate. CT scan should be advised before starting definitive stroke therapy

Relationship of ABO blood group in patients with oral cancers

Present study was designed to find the association of ABO blood groups with oral cancers. In this study 50 diagnosed cases of oral cancers and 50 healthy controls were selected. ABO blood grouping, complete blood examination was performed in all these subjects. Out of 50 patients 16 were blood group A, 11 group 'B', 8 group 'AB' and 15 belong to group 'O' as compared to controls who were, 14, 15, 3, 18 for blood groups A, B, AB and O respectively. Conclusions: No relationship is found between Oral Cancers and ABO Blood groups

Stroke in elderly patients admitted at Mayo Hospital, Lahore

Early constitute a major proportion of our population. Our study at West Medical Unit of Mayo Hospital, Lahore was based on elderly patients presenting with various types of stroke. Out of 206 elderly patients, 28 had stroke. 12 were female and 16 male. 3 had transient ischemic attack [TIA], 16 suffered from thrombotic stroke and 9 from haemorrhagic event. 6 patients from study group died and 2 left against medical advice. We concluded that stroke is a disease of the elderly imposing major impact on their mortality rates, age being a major risk factor. Hence stress should be laid on the disease as well on the elderly which constitute a major portion of our population

Automated detection of malaria: a comparison with microscopy

To compare the automated detection of malaria with microscopy. In this study 250 blood samples submitted for malaria investigation were studied microscopically for malaria parasites. All samples were additionally analyzed for same parameters with automated hematology analyzer, Cell Dyn 3700 [CD3700]. The results from the instrument generated as scatter plots [derived by laser light depolarization], were compared with microscopy results. The atypical depolarizing events or positive patterns were observed in 43 out of 250 samples on cell Dyn 3700, while microscopically 3 7 samples were found to b e positive. Three samples positive on microscopy, were found t o b e negative on CD-3700. Compared with microscopy the sensitivity of CD3700 was 92.5% and specificity was 97.3%. Maximum parasitaemia was 6.5%. Automated detection of malaria by CD3700 automated hematology analyzer is feasible for screening purpose in malaria endemic and non-endemic areas

Association of malaria with thrombocytopenia

In this study, 250 blood samples submitted for malaria investigation were studied microscopically for malarial parasites and platelet count. All samples were additionally analyzed for platelet count with automated haematology analyzer. Thirty seven [37] samples were found to be malaria positive microscopically. Out of 37 cases with malaria positive microscopically, thrombocytopenia was observed in 24 [64%] cases of malaria. So there is association of thrombocytopenia with malaria

Relationship of secretor status in patients with oral cancers

Present study was designed to find the association of secretor status with oral cancers. In this study 50 diagnosed cases of oral cancers and 50 healthy controls were selected. Secretor status on saliva sample was performed in all these subjects. 39 [78%] subjects were secretors and 11 [22%] were non secretors in control group. 28 [56%] patients with oral cancers were secretors and 22 [44%] were non secretors. Oral cancer was found to be associated with non-secretor status

Amoebic liver abscess: a report of 100 cases

100 cases of Amoebic Liver Abscess with age ranging from 20 years to 70 years have been treated over a period of 5 years. Amoebic Liver abscess was found in 8% cases of amoebic colitis. Interesting clinical observations were, afebrile presentation in 14% and jaundice in only 9% cases. In most cases liver function tests were of no significance. Hepatic scan was useful diagnostic aid. Peritoneal rupture occurred in only five cases. Open Drainage was indicated if response to anti-amoebic therapy and aspiration failed or if secondary infection SUPERVENED. As such surgical open Drainage was our main approach in these cases

Carcinoma of gall bladder

Seventy cases of Carcinoma of the Gall Bladder were diagnosed in a group of two thousand patients who underwent the Hepatobiliary operations over a period of eleven years [1979-90], in the District Headquarter Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad arc reviewed. The data covering symptoms, preoperativc diagnosis, surgical treatment and prognosis were analysed and compared to the similar data in the literature. Both the results and the reasons for high mortality rate were discussed and importance of early diagnosis is stressed

Renal lithiasis

Two hundred and fifty patients with Urinary Tract Calculi, who were operated upon were studied in the period between 1986 to 1989. The maximum patients presented between thirty one and forty years of age. Male to female ratio was 4.6-8.1. One hundred and twelve patients had Renal and sixty patients had Ureteric Stones. Seventy eight patients had stone in the bladder and Urethra. the commonest symptom was pain, haematuria alone was present in twelve patients, and pyuria alone in six patients. Urinary tract infection was present in one hundred and eighty patients. The overall mortality rate was 1.6%. Only one patient had recurrence. Majority of the stones were calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate